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fix(cyber-security): replace 12 dead resource links - #10253

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fix(cyber-security): replace 12 dead resource links#10253
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aquibn:fix/cyber-security-dead-links

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@aquibn aquibn commented Aug 25, 2026

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Fixes the dead links reported in #10249 for the Cyber Security roadmap.

What I found

I re-checked all 628 distinct URLs in roadmaps/cyber-security/content and followed every redirect to its final status. One correction to the report in #10249: most of the TechTarget links are listed there under 3xx, but the 301 is only the first hop — TechTarget reorganised its sections and the redirect targets themselves 404:

https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/phishing
  301 -> https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/definition/phishing
  404

So these are not links that merely need their redirect resolved; the content is gone and they need genuine replacements. watering-hole-attack is dead the same way and was not in the original report.

12 links are confirmed 404 by two independent HTTP clients (requests and curl):

Topic Dead link Replacement
radius techtarget /definition/RADIUS @official@ RFC 2865
rmf techtarget /definition/Risk-Management-Framework-RMF @official@ NIST CSRC — About the RMF
guestos techtarget /definition/guest-OS-guest-operating-system NIST CSRC Glossary
salting techtarget /definition/salt OWASP Password Storage Cheat Sheet + Salt (cryptography)
phishing techtarget /definition/phishing CISA — Recognize and Report Phishing
antimalware riskxchange.co CISA — Understanding Anti-Virus Software
common-protocols-and-their-uses techtarget /12-common-network-protocols... CompTIA — What Is a Network Protocol?
iso techtarget /definition/ISO ISO/IEC 27001
cism techtarget /definition/certified-information-security-manager-CISM CISM
eap-vs-peap techtarget /definition/PEAP... PEAP
evil-twin techtarget /definition/evil-twin Evil twin (wireless networks)
watering-hole-attack techtarget /definition/watering-hole-attack Watering hole attack

Notes on the approach

  • Replaced rather than removed. salting had this as its only resource and would have been left with none, which is the concern raised in [Cyber Security] Broken Links #10249 — it gets two replacements.
  • Preferred primary sources. Where a standards body or the protocol's own specification covers the topic, I used that (IETF RFC 2865, NIST CSRC, OWASP, CISA) rather than another aggregator that can reorganise the same way TechTarget just did.
  • Resource-type ordering preserved (@official@@article@@video@) in every file; radius and rmf gain an @official@ link that correctly sorts first.
  • No topic exceeds the 8-link maximum and no GeeksforGeeks links were added.

Verification

Every one of the 27 URLs across the 12 changed files was re-checked after the edit. All 12 replacements return 200. The remaining non-200s are pre-existing links I did not touch and are bot-protection responses, not dead pages (YouTube 429 from my own rate-limited scanning, iso.org and nordvpn.com 403).

I also excluded 43 links that return 403 to automated checks — Cloudflare, Cisco, NordVPN and similar serve those to non-browser clients while the pages load fine for real users, so treating them as broken would be a false positive.

Thanks to @gdaffa for the original report.

Eleven TechTarget links and one RiskXchange link in the Cyber Security
roadmap now return 404. TechTarget reorganised its site (searchsecurity/
-> cybersecurity/, searchcio/ -> it-strategy/, searchdatacenter/ ->
it-infrastructure/, searchitoperations/ -> it-operations/), but the
redirect targets 404, so following the redirect does not recover them.

Each dead link is replaced with an equivalent resource, preferring
primary and standards sources over aggregators:

- radius       -> RFC 2865 (IETF)
- rmf          -> NIST CSRC RMF project page
- guestos      -> NIST CSRC glossary
- salting      -> OWASP Password Storage Cheat Sheet + Wikipedia
- phishing     -> CISA "Recognize and Report Phishing"
- antimalware  -> CISA "Understanding Anti-Virus Software"
- protocols    -> CompTIA "What Is a Network Protocol?"
- iso, cism, eap-vs-peap, evil-twin, watering-hole-attack -> Wikipedia

salting had only this one resource, so it would have been left with
none; it gets two replacements. Resource-type ordering (@official@
before @Article@ before @video@) is preserved in every file.

All replacement URLs verified 200.

- [@official@International Organization for Standardization](https://www.iso.org/home.html)
- [@article@What is the ISO?](https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/ISO#:~:text=ISO%20(International%20Organization%20for%20Standardization)%20is%20a%20worldwide,federation%20of%20national%20standards%20bodies.) No newline at end of file
- [@article@ISO/IEC 27001 - Information Security Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001) No newline at end of file

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I think its ISO in general, not just ISO/IEC 27001, because if you look at this topic description, it doesn't talk about any specific ISO, just the definition of ISO.


- [@article@Anti-malware Definition](https://www.computertechreviews.com/definition/anti-malware/)
- [@article@What is Antimalware?](https://riskxchange.co/1006974/cybersecurity-what-is-anti-malware/)
- [@article@Understanding Anti-Virus Software](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/understanding-anti-virus-software)

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Its antimalware, not antivirus. Antivirus discussed in separate topic in this roadmap.

Also I believe this topic should be dropped, as antivirus and antimalware almost have the same definition, and antivirus now days usually has the same feature as antimalware.

Visit the following resources to learn more:

- [@article@RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)](https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/RADIUS)
- [@official@RFC 2865 - Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2865)

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Suggested change
- [@official@RFC 2865 - Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2865)
- [@official@Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) - RFC 2865](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2865)

Just suggesting to move the RFC to the right, as RADIUS is the main topic that talked about.


- [@official@CISM](https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cism)
- [@article@Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)](https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/certified-information-security-manager-CISM) No newline at end of file
- [@article@Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_Information_Security_Manager) No newline at end of file

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