chore(release): refresh metadata for 2.1.2

[iziz]

Summary

• Refresh bundled Google libphonenumber metadata from v9.0.40 to v9.0.41 (upstream commit b68df884d42d5e9860fc1956a99ce6afae361100). Main phone-number, short-number, carrier, and timezone data changed; testing and all 34 geocoding databases are unchanged.
• Set all four Xcode project versions and all 13 podspec versions/dependencies to the metadata-only patch release 2.1.2.
• Record the upstream comparison, affected regions, and validation in the changelog and metadata update log.

Source and validation

• Scheduled drift run: https://github.com/iziz/libPhoneNumber-iOS/actions/runs/37719977917
• Upstream source/resource comparison: 13 changed tracked files, all metadata or resources; no implementation or test source changes. Google master 33be56643436 adds zero tracked changes beyond v9.0.41.
• Upstream test parity: 173 JS tests covered by 181 local Objective-C tests; API parity: 66 prototype methods covered by 93 selectors.
• All-in-one updater dry run and checked-in generation passed; v9.0.41 freshness and 2.1.2 version consistency passed.
• Generated Objective-C gzip arrays match generated JSON. Carrier and timezone SQLite integrity and complete row comparisons passed. All 34 geocoding databases match generated SHA-256 digests.
• SwiftPM default and Korean locale tests passed with 229 XCTest tests and 43 Swift Testing tests in each run; release build passed.
• Xcode scheme tests passed on iPhone 18 Pro / iOS 27.0: libPhoneNumber (150), libPhoneNumberGeocoding (20), and libPhoneNumberShortNumber (31).
• All 13 podspecs passed dependency-aware CocoaPods lint. Whitespace and release scope audits passed.