[AMORO-4232][common] Improve AmsThriftUrl parsing and validation

[sivakumar-mahalingam]

Why are the changes needed?

AmsThriftUrl lowercased the complete input URL during parsing, which could modify case-sensitive components such as catalog paths and query parameter values. Thrift URL validation also did not clearly handle unsupported schemes, missing hosts, or missing/invalid ports.

Fix #4232.

Brief change log

• Preserve the original case of hosts, catalog paths, query parameter values, and URLs.
• Compare thrift and ZooKeeper schemes case-insensitively.
• Add validation for thrift scheme, host, and port with clearer error messages.
• Consolidate duplicated socketTimeout query parsing.
• Keep existing public APIs unchanged.
• Add unit tests for valid and invalid thrift and ZooKeeper URL scenarios.

How was this patch tested?

• Add some test cases that check the changes thoroughly including negative and positive cases if possible

• Add screenshots for manual tests if appropriate

• Run test locally before making a pull request

The following tests were run locally:

.\mvnw.cmd -pl amoro-common -Dtest=TestAmsThriftUrl test

Result:

Tests run: 9, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUILD SUCCESS
------------------------------------------------------------------------

The tests cover:

• Mixed-case thrift schemes.
• Lowercase thrift URLs.
• Case preservation for URL components.
• socketTimeout parsing.
• Unsupported schemes.
• Missing hosts.
• Missing ports.
• Invalid ports.
• ZooKeeper URL and timeout handling.

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no
• If yes, how is the feature documented? not applicable